{"id":9499,"date":"2024-04-29T09:20:53","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T07:20:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/campaigns\/campaign-2015\/"},"modified":"2025-06-16T13:09:01","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T11:09:01","slug":"campaign-2015","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/en\/campaigns\/campaign-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"Campaign 2015"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal of the work in 2015 was to gain insights into the residential development of the city and the everyday life of its ancient inhabitants. To this end, excavation began on the southern slope of the city hill. Prior to this, the site had been surveyed geophysically.  <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-style-default\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_DSC_0004__5__4a8bc382b6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6114\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_DSC_0004__5__4a8bc382b6.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_DSC_0004__5__4a8bc382b6-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_DSC_0004__5__4a8bc382b6-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The excavation team<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The slope has a steep gradient, requiring ancient and late antique structures to be built on terraces. To examine the upper slope area, a 22m x 2m exploratory trench was dug. There, sections of two built terraces were uncovered. Two parallel sewage channels, spaced 20m apart, cross the exploratory trench.   <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150909pj044_61894d7f2a.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6108\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150909pj044_61894d7f2a.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150909pj044_61894d7f2a-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150909pj044_61894d7f2a-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">View from the north of the exploratory trench in the upper section of the field<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the upper section, parts of a building from the early Byzantine period have been uncovered. The walls still stand up to 1 m high and were constructed using spolia and rubble stones. Portions of two rooms were partially exposed. Thick layers of burnt debris with numerous roof tiles indicate the building was destroyed by fire. Ceramic finds date the destruction to the 6th\/7th century AD. The floor consists of rammed earth. Approximately 150 iron objects were discovered on and within the floor, including locks, keys, tools, weapons, nails, and fittings.       <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below the exploratory trench, another area totaling 110 m<sup>\u00b2<\/sup> has been uncovered. A section of a magnificent villa with beautiful mosaic floors was revealed. To the north, a narrow room was documented, bounded to the south by a ashlar wall. Toward the north\u2014facing the slope\u2014it was partially carved out of the bedrock. In the center of the room lies an unfilled cistern approximately 6 meters deep. More than 25 large ashlar blocks in collapsed positions covered the floor of the room, likely the result of an earthquake that destroyed the entire structure. East of the cistern ran a wall that demarcated the room&#8217;s eastern boundary. This wall appears largely destroyed by looting. Also nearly completely destroyed was a geometric mosaic that once covered the floor behind the wall.        <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" src=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150917pj20_1a74bfb784.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150917pj20_1a74bfb784.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150917pj20_1a74bfb784-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_20150917pj20_1a74bfb784-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Courtyard of a late antique villa (editor&#8217;s note: as of 2017) with mosaic floor<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">South of the corridor, there is an area measuring at least 10 x 10 meters, entirely covered by a high-quality mosaic. It is divided into square panels displaying alternating geometric patterns. The mosaic is comparable to those from the late 4th century AD found in Antakya. The area is bordered by colonnades to the north and south. In the north, the stylobate and four bases have been documented. Two of the columns and two architraves were also found in a collapsed position. Only one capital remains largely intact, though a large number of capital fragments were recovered. To the south, the stylobate is only partially preserved, with just one base still <em>in situ<\/em>. This is due to the terrain sloping downward toward the south, causing the soil layer to gradually thin. As a result, the mosaic is significantly less well-preserved in the southern section, where roots have caused extensive damage. At the far southern end of the excavation, behind the colonnade, a narrow additional space was identified, also originally covered by a geometric mosaic, of which only scant remnants survive. Here, it is evident that beneath the mosaic lies the mortar bedding of an older floor. Several drainage channels were also documented in this area.                <\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"531\" src=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_Res._11_d9ce264da0.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_Res._11_d9ce264da0.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_Res._11_d9ce264da0-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.doliche.uni-muenster.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/csm_Res._11_d9ce264da0-768x510.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Partially rock-cut chamber with cistern<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The goal of the work in 2015 was to gain insights into the residential development of the city and the everyday life of its ancient inhabitants. To this end, excavation began on the southern slope of the city hill. Prior to this, the site had been surveyed geophysically. 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